Background

In recent years, the misuse of benzodiazepines (BZDs) has significantly increased, emerging as a critical global health and social issue. This trend is largely driven by the increased accessibility of BZDs through online platforms and the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of BZD misuse trends among Italian youths, exploring factors, such as internet influence, perceived safety, pandemic effects, and potential psychological interventions through a qualitative analysis.

Methods

The study employed a non-probabilistic sampling method, recruiting 28 participants aged 18–35 with a history of BZD misuse. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews lasting 45–60 min, focusing on experiences and motivations related to BZD use, including self-medication, recreational use, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Thematic analysis revealed that 67.9% of participants used BZDs without a prescription, primarily for anxiety relief. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced usage patterns, with 71.4% reporting increased consumption during lockdowns. Although most participants recognized the need for psychological support, few actively sought professional help. Online accessibility emerged as a key factor in misuse behavior, even though 85.7% of participants were aware of the associated risks (e.g., dependence, cognitive impairment, and overdose). The main motivations for BZD misuse were self-medication for untreated psychological distress and, to a lesser extent, recreational purposes, such as enhancing social interaction or emotional detachment.

Conclusion

This research highlights the complex phenomenon of BZD misuse among youths, emphasizing the interplay between internet accessibility, pandemic-related stressors, and psychological needs. Despite the limited number of participants, the findings suggest the need for accessible mental health support and targeted education on the risks associated with BZDs.