Assessment of the relation between religiosity, anxiety, depression and psychological resilience in nursing staff

The nursing profession is considered to be an emotionally demanding profession often lead to various psychological difficulties and extend level stress. Religiosity and religion in general, have been associated with positive outcomes in an individual’s life such as higher self-esteem, better quality of life and psychological wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between nurses’ religiosity, psychological resilience, and psychological wellbeing. In this cross-sectional study, 378 nurses participated. Dada were collected by using Centrality of Religiosity Scale, The Patient Health Questionnaire Two-Item Depression Scale, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25. Percentages, means, and standard deviations were calculated. In addition the parametric t-test and ANOVA were used. Also, logistic regression analyses were used to determine which factors affect the depression and anxiety of nurses. Results indicated differences with a probability of less than or equal to 0.05 were accepted as significant. For statistical analysis, we used the statistical program SPSS 25. According to our results although religious practices can be a protective factor for both depression and anxiety, religious beliefs and experiences can increase the levels of depression and anxiety as well.
1. Antoniou, A.S., Looper, C.L., & Davidson, M.J. (2016). Levels of job dissatisfaction and work-related stressors experienced by medical doctors in Greek hospitals. BMC Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 3, 4.
2. Baek, H.S., Lee, K.U., Joo, E.J., Lee, M.Y., & Choi, K.S. (2010). Reliability and validity of the korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Psychiatry Investigation, 7 (2), 109-115.
3. Bagheri-Nesami, M., Kazemi, A., Goudarzian, A. H., Nasiri, F., & Davari, J. (2017). Association between religious coping and quality of working life in nurses. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(1).
4. Bakibinga, P., Vinje, H. F., & Mittelmark, M. (2014). The role of religion in the work lives and coping strategies of Ugandan nurses. Journal of religion and health, 53(5), 1342-1352.
5. Beit-Hallahmi, B., & Argyle, M. (1997). The psychology of religious belief, behaviour and experience. London: Routledge.
6. Carapina, I. (2015). Women are more religious than men; is this true? Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry, 2 (1), 00056.
7. Cheung, T., Lee, P.H., & Yip, P.S.F. (2017). The associations between religion, bereavement and depression among Hong Kong nurses. BMC Research Notes, 10 (1), 242.
8. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
9. Danylova, T.V. (2016). The desire for recognition in the context of Francis Fukuyama’s Universal History. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, 10, 69-77.
10. Danylova, T.V. (2017). Searching for the true self: the way of nondual wisdom. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, 12, 7-15.
11. Dilber, R., Babić, D., Vasilj, I., Martinac, M., Babić, R., & Aukst-Margetić, B. (2016). Religiosty and mental health in nursing students. Psychiatria Danubina, 28(2), 188-192.
12. Fradelos, E. C., Kourakos, M., Zyga, S., Tzavella, F., Tsaras, K., Christodoulou, E., ... & Papathanasiou, I. V. (2018). Measuring Religiosity in Nursing: Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale-15. American Journal of Nursing, 7(3-1), 25-32.
13. Fradelos, E., Tzitzikos, G., Giannouli, V., Argyrou, P., Vassilopoulou, C., & Theofilou, P. (2014). Assessment of Burn-Out and Quality of Life in Nursing Professionals: The Contribution of Perceived Social Support. Health psychology research, 2(1), 984.
14. Gillespie, B., Chaboyer, W., Wallis, M., & Grimbeek, P. (2007). Resilience in the operating room: developing and testing of a resilience model. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(4), 427-438.
15. Hebert, R., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., & Scheier, M. (2009). Positive and negative religious coping and well-being in women with breast cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(6), 537–545.
16. Kasen, S., Wickramaratne, P., Gameroff, M. & Weissman, M. (2011). Religiosity and resilience in persons at high risk for major depression. Psychological Medicine, 42(3), 509-519.
17. Konstantakopoulos, G., Sofianopoulou, E., Touloumi, G., & Ploubidis, D.(2013). Ultra-short questionnaires for the detection of depression and anxiety. Psychiatriki, 24(4), 288-297.
18. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical care, 1284-1292.
19. Lee, H., Hwang, S., Kim, J., Daly, B. (2004). Predictors of life satisfaction of Korean nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 632-641.
20. Leurent, B., Nazareth, I., Bellón-Saameño, J., Geerlings, M.I., Maaroos, H., Saldivia, S., … & King, M. (2013). Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 43(10), 2109-2120.
21. Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., ... & Brähler, E. (2010). A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. Journal of affective disorders, 122(1-2), 86-95.
22. Mizuno, Y., Hofer, A., Frajo-Apor, B., Wartelsteiner, F., Kemmler, G., Pardeller, S., … & Uchida, H. (2017). Religiosity and psychological resilience in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: an international cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137(4),316-327.
23. Paloutzian, R.F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion. (2nd ed). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
24. Papathanasiou, I., Tsaras, K., Kleisiaris, C., Fradelos, E., Tsaloglidou, A. & Damigos, D. (2017). Anxiety and depression in staff of mental units: the role of burnout. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 987, 185-197.
25. Scandrett, K.G., & Mitchell, S.L. (2009). Religiousness, religious coping, and psychological well-being in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 10(8), 581–586.
26. Schmidt, D., Dantas, R., & Marziale, M. (2011). Ansiedad y depresión entre profesionales de enfermería que actúan en sectores quirúrgicos. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 45(2), 487-493.
27. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
28. Tong, E.M.W., Teo, A.Q.H. (2018). The influence of religious concepts on the effects of blame appraisals on negative emotions. Cognitions, 177, 150-164.
29. Tsaras, K., Papathanasiou, I., Vus, V., Panagiotopoulou, A., Katsou, M., Kelesi, M., & Fradelos, E. (2018). Predicting factors of depression and anxiety in mental health nurses: a quantitative cross-sectional study. Medical Archives, 72(1), 62.
30. Tsigkaropoulou, E., Douzenis, A., Tsitas, N., Ferentinos, P., Liappas, I., & Michopoulos, I. (2018). Greek Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties in a Sample of 546 Subjects. In vivo, 32(6), 1629-1634.