Phenothiazines and their Evolving Roles in Clinical Practice: A   Narrative Review

Amber N. Edinof; Grace Armistead; Christina A Rosa; Alexandra Anderson; Ronan Patil; Elyse M Cornett; Kevin S. Murnane; Adam M. Kaye; Alan D. Kaye

doi:10.52965/​001c.38930

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Phenothiazines and their Evolving Roles in Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review

Amber N. Edinof^1*, Grace Armistead¹, Christina A Rosa², Alexandra Anderson³, Ronan Patil⁴, Elyse M Cornett⁵, Kevin S. Murnane⁶, Adam M. Kaye⁷, Alan D. Kaye⁵

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¹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport

² Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara

³ School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport

⁴ School of Medicine, The George Washington University

⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport

⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport; Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience; Louisiana Addiction Research Center

⁷ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton

HPR 2022 , 10(4), 1; https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38930

Published: 2 November 2022

© 2022 by the Author(s). Licensee Health Psychology Research, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Phenothiazines, a diverse class of drugs, can be used to treat multiple mental health and physical conditions. Phenothiazines have been used for decades to treat mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, mania in bipolar disorder, and psychosis. Additionally, these drugs offer relief for physical illnesses, including migraines, hiccups, nausea, and vomiting in both adults and children. Further research is needed to prove the efficacy of phenothiazines in treating physical symptoms. Phenothiazines are dopaminergic antagonists that inhibit D2 receptors with varying potency. High potency phenothiazines such as perphenazine are used to treat various psychiatric conditions such as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, the symptoms of psychosis, and mania that can occur with bipolar disorder. Low/mid potency phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine antipsychotic drugs that have been used to treat schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders since the 1950s and are utilized in numerous disease states. The present investigation aims to elucidate the effects of phenothiazines in clinical practice.

Keywords

Phenothiazines

chlorpromazine

perphenazine

migraines

hiccups

nausea and vomiting

adverse effects

References

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

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